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Collage (from the French : coller , to glue; [1]French pronunciation: ​ [kɔ.laʒ] ) is a technique of an art production, primarily used in the visual arts , where the artwork is made from anassemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.A collage may sometimes include magazine and newspaper clippings , ribbons , paint, bits of colored or handmade papers, portions of other artwork or texts, photographs and other found objects , glued to a piece of paper or canvas. The origins of collage can be traced back hundreds of years, but this technique made a dramatic reappearance in the early 20th century as an art form of novelty.The term collage was coined by both Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in the beginning of the 20th century when collage became a distinctive part of modern art .[2]HistoryEarly precedentsTechniques of collage were first used at the time of the invention of paper in China , around 200 BC. The use of collage, however, wasnt used by many people until the 10th century inJapan , when calligraphers began to apply glued paper, using texts on surfaces, when writing their poems .[3] The technique of collage appeared in medieval Europe during the 13th century. Gold leaf panels started to be applied in Gothic cathedrals around the 15th and 16th centuries. Gemstones and other precious metals were applied to religious images, icons , and also, to coats of arms.[3] An 18th-century example of collage art can be found in the work of Mary Delany . In the 19th century, collage methods also were used among hobbyists formemorabilia (e.g. applied to photo albums ) and books (e.g. Hans Christian Andersen, Carl Spitzweg ). [3] Many institutions have attributed the beginnings of the practice of collage to Picasso and Braque in 1912, however, early Victorian photocollage suggest collage techniques were practiced in the early 1860s. [4] Many institutions recognize these works as memorabilia for hobbyists, though they functioned as a facilitator of Victorian aristocratic collective portraiture, proof of female erudition, and presented a new mode of artistic representation that questioned the way in which photography is truthful. In 2009, curator Elizabeth Siegel organized the exhibition: Playing with Pictures [5] at the Art Institute Chicago to acknowledge collage works by Alexandra of Denmark and Mary Georgina Filmer among others. The exhibition later traveled to The Metropolitan Museum of Art andThe Art Gallery of Ontario .Collage and modernismHannah Höch, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany , 1919, collage of pasted papers, 90x144 cm, Staatliche Museum, Berlin .Despite the pre-twentieth-century use of collage-like application techniques, some art authorities argue that collage, properly speaking, did not emerge until after 1900, in conjunction with the early stages of modernism.For example, the Tate Gallerys online art glossary states that collage was first used as an artists technique in the twentieth century.. [6] According to the Guggenheim Museum s online art glossary, collage is an artistic concept associated with the beginnings of modernism, and entails much more than the idea of gluing something onto something else. The glued-on patches which Braque and Picasso added to their canvases offered a new perspective on painting when the patches collided with the surface plane of the painting. [7] In this perspective, collage was part of a methodical reexamination of the relation between painting and sculpture, and these new works gave each medium some of the characteristics of the other, according to the

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Collage of boys